On May 25, 2014, on the day of Presidential elections in Ukraine, the Consortium consisting of Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation, Kiev International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) and Olexander Razumkov Ukrainian Center for Economic and Political Studies, conducted the National Exit-Poll’ 2014.
Exponential population of the exit poll: voters who voted at the polling stations at the territory of Ukraine (except for the special polling stations – hospitals, prisons, military units, abroad electoral constituencies). The sampling is representative for Ukraine as a whole and its four regions (West, Center, East, and South). The sampling is two-level cluster: at the first level the number of polling stations with equal contingency are chosen proportionally to the number of polling stations in the region; at the second level the systematic (step by step) selection of voters is conducted at the polling station. The permanent step of selection was used during the day of elections.
The number of respondents is 17 217 voters at 351 polling stations. The method of “secret voting”, when the respondent was marking his choice in the questionnaire and dropped the questionnaire into the ballot box himself. The level of reach is 77%.
Project management, its financial and media management was conducted by Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation. Scientific project management, sampling development and survey coordination were carried out by KIIS. The polling at the exits from polling stations was conducted by KIIS and Razumkov Center.
National exit poll became possible due to the financial support of international donors: International Renaissance Foundation, MATRA program of the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Ukraine, National Endowment for Democracy (USA), PACT, UNITER project, European Union.
Table 1. National Exit-poll’ 2014 and elections results published by the
Central Elections Committee data comparison
Candidates |
Elections Results |
National Exit-poll’ 2014, as of18:00 |
National Exit-poll’ 2014, as of20:00 |
Final results (received by mail) |
Ratings |
Difference |
Ratings |
Difference |
Ratings |
Difference |
POROSHENKO Petro Oleksiyovytch |
54.7 |
55.9 |
-1.2 |
55.7 |
-1.0 |
55.9 |
-1.2 |
TYMOSHENKO Yulia Volodymyrivna |
12.8 |
12.9 |
-0.1 |
12.8 |
0.0 |
12.5 |
0.3 |
LYASHKO Oleg Valeriyovytch |
8.3 |
8.0 |
0.3 |
8.1 |
0.2 |
8.0 |
0.3 |
GRITSENKO Anatoliy Stepanovytch |
5.5 |
6.3 |
-0.8 |
6.3 |
-0.8 |
6.3 |
-0.8 |
TIGIPKO Sergiy Leonidovytch |
5.2 |
4.7 |
0.5 |
4.8 |
0.4 |
4.8 |
0.4 |
DOBKIN Mykhailo Markovytch |
3.0 |
2.1 |
0.9 |
2.1 |
0.9 |
2.2 |
0.9 |
RABINOVYTCH Vadym Zinoviyovytch |
2.3 |
1.9 |
0.4 |
2.0 |
0.3 |
2.0 |
0.3 |
BOGOMOLETS Olga Vadymivna |
1.9 |
2.0 |
-0.1 |
2.0 |
-0.1 |
2.0 |
-0.1 |
SYMONENKO Petro Mykolayovytch |
1.5 |
1.1 |
0.4 |
1.1 |
0.4 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
TYAGNYBOK Oleg Yaroslavovytch |
1.2 |
1.3 |
-0.1 |
1.3 |
-0.1 |
1.3 |
-0.2 |
YAROSH Dmytro Anatoliyovytch |
0.7 |
0.9 |
-0.2 |
1.0 |
-0.3 |
1.0 |
-0.3 |
GRYNENKO Andriy Valeriyovytch |
0.4 |
0.5 |
-0.1 |
0.5 |
-0.1 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
KONOVALIUK Valeriy Illich |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
BOYKO Yuriy Anatoliyovytch |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
-0.1 |
MALOMUZH Mykola Grygorovytch |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
KUZMIN Renat Raveliyovytch |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
KUIBIDA Vasyl Stepanovytch |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
TSUSHKO Vasyl Petrovytch |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
KLYMENKO Olexander Ivanovytch |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
SARANOV Volodymyr Georgiyovytch |
0.0 |
0.2 |
-0.2 |
0.2 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
SHKIRYAK Zoryan Nestorovytch |
0.0 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
CROSSED EVERYONE OUT, CROSSED THE WHOLE LIST or SPOILED THE BALLOT |
1.3 |
1.4 |
-0.1 |
1.4 |
-0.1 |
1.4 |
-0.1 |
The table shows the data obtained on Election Day to 6 p.m. (published immediately after the election in 8 p.m.) and to 8 p.m. (were released on 11 p.m.). These data were made by telephone. The last column of the final data, we received a few days later in the mail.
Themaximumdifferenceofexit-pollresultsannouncedat 20:00 fromelectionsresultsdoesnotexceed 1.2%, andthefinalverifieddata differ from elections results for not more than 0.9%.
Table 2. Presidentialcandidates’ ratingsamongmenandwomen
|
Men |
Women |
POROSHENKO Petro Oleksiyovytch |
56.5 |
56.0 |
TYMOSHENKO Yulia Volodymyrivna |
10.9 |
13.8 |
LYASHKO Oleg Valeriyovytch |
8.6 |
7.8 |
GRITSENKO Anatoliy Stepanovytch |
7.1 |
5.8 |
TIGIPKO Sergiy Leonidovytch |
4.4 |
4.9 |
DOBKIN Mykhailo Markovytch |
1.9 |
2.4 |
BOGOMOLETS Olga Vadymivna |
1.7 |
2.3 |
RABINOVYTCH Vadym Zinoviyovytch |
2.0 |
1.8 |
TYAGNYBOK Oleg Yaroslavovytch |
1.5 |
1.2 |
SYMONENKO Petro Mykolayovytch |
1.3 |
1.0 |
YAROSH Dmytro Anatoliyovytch |
1.3 |
0.7 |
GRYNENKO Andriy Valeriyovytch |
0.4 |
0.3 |
KONOVALIUK Valeriy Illich |
0.3 |
0.3 |
BOYKO Yuriy Anatoliyovytch |
0.2 |
0.3 |
MALOMUZH Mykola Grygorovytch |
0.2 |
0.1 |
KUZMIN Renat Raveliyovytch |
0.1 |
0.1 |
TSUSHKO Vasyl Petrovytch |
0.1 |
0.0 |
KLYMENKO Olexander Ivanovytch |
0.1 |
0.0 |
SARANOV Volodymyr Georgiyovytch |
0.0 |
0.0 |
KUIBIDA Vasyl Stepanovytch |
0.0 |
0.0 |
SHKIRYAK Zoryan Nestorovytch |
0.0 |
0.0 |
CROSSED EVERYONE OUT, CROSSED THE WHOLE LIST or SPOILED THE BALLOT |
1.4 |
1.2 |
Peculiarities of candidates’ voters
Gender
Men and women equally voted for Petro Poroshenko.
More women than men (13.8% and 10.9%) voted for Yulia Tymoshenko.
More men than women (7.1% – men, 5.8% - women) voted for AnatolyGritsenko.
There were no significant gender differences while voting for Oleg Lyashko and Sergey Tigipko.
Table 3. Presidentialcandidates’ ratingsamong age groups
|
18–29 years old |
30–39 years old |
40–49 years old |
50–59 years old |
60 years old and older |
POROSHENKO Petro Oleksiyovytch |
51.2 |
54.7 |
56.8 |
57.5 |
59.1 |
TYMOSHENKO Yulia Volodymyrivna |
9.6 |
11.4 |
11.9 |
14.0 |
14.5 |
LYASHKO Oleg Valeriyovytch |
15.6 |
9.9 |
7.2 |
5.5 |
4.8 |
GRITSENKO Anatoliy Stepanovytch |
5.6 |
6.0 |
7.7 |
6.8 |
5.7 |
TIGIPKO Sergiy Leonidovytch |
4.7 |
5.1 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
4.3 |
DOBKIN Mykhailo Markovytch |
2.6 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
BOGOMOLETS Olga Vadymivna |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
RABINOVYTCH Vadym Zinoviyovytch |
1.7 |
2.4 |
1.6 |
2.4 |
1.4 |
TYAGNYBOK Oleg Yaroslavovytch |
1.1 |
1.9 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
SYMONENKO Petro Mykolayovytch |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
2.6 |
YAROSH Dmytro Anatoliyovytch |
2.3 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
GRYNENKO Andriy Valeriyovytch |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
KONOVALIUK Valeriy Illich |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
BOYKO Yuriy Anatoliyovytch |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
MALOMUZH Mykola Grygorovytch |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
KUZMIN Renat Raveliyovytch |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
TSUSHKO Vasyl Petrovytch |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
KLYMENKO Olexander Ivanovytch |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
SARANOV Volodymyr Georgiyovytch |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
KUIBIDA Vasyl Stepanovytch |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
SHKIRYAK Zoryan Nestorovytch |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
CROSSED EVERYONE OUT, CROSSED THE WHOLE LIST or SPOILED THE BALLOT |
1.3 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
Peculiarities of candidates’ voters
Age dependencies
Petro Poroshenko received a bit more votes from the older voters: 51.2% votes by 18–29 y.o., 57.4% – by 30–39 y.o., 56.8 – 40–49 y.o., 57.9% – 50–59 y.o. and the most 59.1% – among voters older than 60 y.o.
The number of Yulia Tymoshenko’s voters grew with age, the older the voters the bigger the number of votes: 9.6% among people aged up to 30 years old and 14.5% among voters older than 60.
Oleg Lyashko, on the contrary, has younger voters: 15.6% among people younger than 30, 9.9% – among people aged 30–39, 7.2% – among aged 40–49, 5.5% – among aged 50–59 and 4.8% – among older than 60 years old.
Voters of AnatolyGritsenko and Sergey Tigipko are not quite varying in regard of the age.
Òàáëèöÿ 4. Presidentialcandidates’ ratingsamong population groups according to the education level
|
Incomplete secondary |
Complete secondary |
Vocational secondary |
Incomplete higher |
Higher |
POROSHENKO Petro Oleksiyovytch |
51.0 |
54.4 |
55.8 |
51.3 |
59.1 |
TYMOSHENKO Yulia Volodymyrivna |
18.7 |
14.5 |
13.4 |
10.4 |
10.2 |
LYASHKO Oleg Valeriyovytch |
10.0 |
9.8 |
8.3 |
13.5 |
6.1 |
GRITSENKO Anatoliy Stepanovytch |
4.5 |
4.9 |
6.0 |
6.7 |
7.7 |
TIGIPKO Sergiy Leonidovytch |
3.9 |
4.0 |
4.4 |
3.8 |
5.3 |
DOBKIN Mykhailo Markovytch |
3.0 |
2.6 |
2.4 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
BOGOMOLETS Olga Vadymivna |
1.1 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
3.8 |
2.3 |
RABINOVYTCH Vadym Zinoviyovytch |
1.1 |
1.8 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
1.9 |
TYAGNYBOK Oleg Yaroslavovytch |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
SYMONENKO Petro Mykolayovytch |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.3 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
YAROSH Dmytro Anatoliyovytch |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
GRYNENKO Andriy Valeriyovytch |
0.9 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
KONOVALIUK Valeriy Illich |
0.0 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
BOYKO Yuriy Anatoliyovytch |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
MALOMUZH Mykola Grygorovytch |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
KUZMIN Renat Raveliyovytch |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
TSUSHKO Vasyl Petrovytch |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
KLYMENKO Olexander Ivanovytch |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
SARANOV Volodymyr Georgiyovytch |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
KUIBIDA Vasyl Stepanovytch |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
SHKIRYAK Zoryan Nestorovytch |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
CROSSED EVERYONE OUT, CROSSED THE WHOLE LIST or SPOILED THE BALLOT |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
Peculiarities of candidates’ voters
Dependencies on the education level
Petro Poroshenko receivedthe majority of votes from voters with higher education (59.1%) and fewer votes from voters with incomplete secondary education.
Yulia Tymoshenko received the majority of votes from voters with incomplete secondary education (18.7%) and each next education group gave less votes: complete secondary 14.5%, vocational secondary – 13.4%, incomplete higher – 10.4%, higher – 10.2%.
OlegLyashko received the majority of votes from people with incomplete higher education 13.5% and the minority from voters with higher education (6.1%).
Anatoly Gritsenko received the most votes from voters with higher education (7.7%) and the least votes from people with incomplete secondary education.
Sergiy Tigipko voters did not demonstrate significant differences in educational level.
Table 5. Presidentialcandidates’ ratings among inhabitants of Ukrainian macro-regions
|
Western |
Central |
Southern |
Eastern |
POROSHENKO Petro Oleksiyovytch |
62.4 |
59.8 |
46.3 |
39.0 |
TYMOSHENKO Yulia Volodymyrivna |
14.2 |
13.8 |
10.0 |
7.1 |
LYASHKO Oleg Valeriyovytch |
9.7 |
9.6 |
4.5 |
3.6 |
GRITSENKO Anatoliy Stepanovytch |
6.1 |
6.9 |
6.2 |
4.9 |
TIGIPKO Sergiy Leonidovytch |
1.1 |
2.5 |
12.2 |
9.1 |
DOBKIN Mykhailo Markovytch |
0.2 |
0.4 |
2.7 |
17.3 |
BOGOMOLETS Olga Vadymivna |
1.5 |
1.6 |
3.3 |
2.5 |
RABINOVYTCH Vadym Zinoviyovytch |
0.6 |
1.2 |
4.8 |
3.4 |
TYAGNYBOK Oleg Yaroslavovytch |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
SYMONENKO Petro Mykolayovytch |
0.4 |
0.5 |
2.5 |
3.5 |
YAROSH Dmytro Anatoliyovytch |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
GRYNENKO Andriy Valeriyovytch |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
KONOVALIUK Valeriy Illich |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
BOYKO Yuriy Anatoliyovytch |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
MALOMUZH Mykola Grygorovytch |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
KUZMIN Renat Raveliyovytch |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
TSUSHKO Vasyl Petrovytch |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
KLYMENKO Olexander Ivanovytch |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
SARANOV Volodymyr Georgiyovytch |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
KUIBIDA Vasyl Stepanovytch |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
SHKIRYAK Zoryan Nestorovytch |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
CROSSED EVERYONE OUT, CROSSED THE WHOLE LIST or SPOILED THE BALLOT |
0.5 |
0.6 |
2.4 |
5.4 |
Peculiarities of candidates’ voters
Regional differences
Petro Poroshenko has won in all regions of Ukraine. He received more votes in the Western (62.4%) and the Central (59.8%) and fewer votes in the Southern (46.3%) and the Eastern (39.0%) regions.
Yulia Tymoshenko had more support in the western (14.2%), the Central (13.8%) regions, and less support in the Southern (10.0%) and the Eastern (7.1%) regions.
Oleg Lyashko was more popular in the Western (9.7%) and the Central (9.6%) regions and less popular in the Southern (4.5%) and the Eastern (3.6%) regions.
Anatoly Gritsenko received equal support in the Western (6.1%), the Central (6.9%) and the Southern (6.2%) regions, and a bit less in the Eastern (4.9%).
Sergiy Tigipko was supported in the Southern (12.2%) and the Eastern (9.1%) regions and weakly supported in the Western (1.1%) and the Central (2.5%) regions.
Mykhailo Dobkin possessed the second place in the Eastern region (17.3%) and scored few votes in the rest of the regions.
Table6. When did the voters of the main candidates decided for whom to vote
|
% among all voters on May 25 |
% of those, who voted for … |
POROSHENKO Petro Oleksiyovytch |
TYMOSHENKO Yulia Volodymyrivna |
LYASHKO Oleg Valeriyovytch |
GRITSENKO Anatoliy Stepanovytch |
TIGIPKO Sergiy Leonidovytch |
DOBKIN Mykhailo Markovytch |
RABINOVYTCH Vadym Zinoviyovytch |
BOGOMOLETS Olga Vadymivna |
SYMONENKO Petro Mykolayovytch |
TYAGNYBOK Oleg Yaroslavovytch |
YAROSH Dmytro Anatoliyovytch |
I was a supporter of this candidate long before the elections |
40.0 |
39.1 |
62.0 |
32.7 |
33.5 |
39.1 |
36.5 |
13.5 |
24.6 |
62.4 |
50.2 |
35.4 |
As soon as elections campaign started, more than three months ago |
16.1 |
19.3 |
8.3 |
14.8 |
12.4 |
11.6 |
15.4 |
10.7 |
18.0 |
10.9 |
9.6 |
18.3 |
More than a month prior to the elections |
11.8 |
12.9 |
7.1 |
13.5 |
12.6 |
13.8 |
13.6 |
10.0 |
7.7 |
4.2 |
9.6 |
11.3 |
During the last month before elections |
12.1 |
12.4 |
6.5 |
14.5 |
15.2 |
12.0 |
11.4 |
24.1 |
13.7 |
4.9 |
10.2 |
12.5 |
During the last week before the elections |
8.2 |
6.7 |
5.7 |
11.2 |
13.8 |
9.8 |
9.5 |
24.6 |
11.4 |
3.0 |
10.2 |
7.7 |
During the last day before elections |
4.8 |
4.0 |
5.4 |
6.5 |
6.1 |
5.8 |
3.7 |
5.2 |
7.6 |
7.3 |
4.8 |
3.8 |
At the polling station |
3.7 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
3.6 |
4.3 |
5.2 |
5.6 |
9.0 |
12.4 |
5.0 |
3.9 |
8.6 |
IT IS DIFFICULT TO SAY / I DO NOT KNOW |
3.2 |
2.9 |
2.1 |
3.2 |
2.1 |
2.9 |
4.3 |
2.9 |
4.5 |
2.3 |
1.5 |
2.3 |
In general, 40% of the voters have made their choice before the elections campaign was started.
The biggest percentage of voters that made their choice in advance was among the voters of Yulia Tymoshenko (62%), Petro Symonenko (62.4%) and Oleg Tyagnybok (50.2%).
20% of voters made their choice during the last month before elections; the majority of such voters are in the electorate of Vadym Rabinovytch (49%), Anatoly Gritsenko (29%) and Oleg Lyashko (26%).
8.5%of the voters made their choice during the last day before elections and at the polling station. The majority of these “spontaneous” voters among the voters of Olga Bogomolets (20%, at that 12% at the polling station) and Vadym Rabinovytch (14.2%, 9% at the polling station).
Table7. CharacteristicsofthePresidential candidates’ voters
|
|
% among those who voted for the certain candidate |
|
|
% among all voters on May 25 |
POROSHENKO Petro |
TYMOSHENKO Yulia |
LYASHKO Oleg |
GRITSENKO Anatoly |
TIGIPKO Sergiy |
Gender |
Man |
46.1 |
46.3 |
40.3 |
48.6 |
51.2 |
43.6 |
Woman |
53.9 |
53.7 |
59.7 |
51.4 |
48.8 |
56.4 |
Age |
18-29 y.o. |
16.4 |
15.0 |
12.6 |
31.5 |
14.6 |
16.6 |
30-39 y.o. |
18.7 |
18.2 |
17.0 |
22.7 |
17.6 |
20.4 |
40-49 y.o. |
19.2 |
19.4 |
18.3 |
17.0 |
23.3 |
19.2 |
50-59 y.o. |
21.4 |
22.0 |
24.1 |
14.5 |
22.8 |
21.3 |
60 y.o. and older |
24.2 |
25.4 |
28.0 |
14.2 |
21.7 |
22.6 |
Region of residence |
Western |
29.9 |
33.5 |
34.0 |
36.6 |
29.1 |
7.0 |
Central |
39.3 |
42.1 |
43.2 |
47.0 |
42.6 |
20.1 |
Southern |
22.9 |
18.9 |
18.3 |
12.9 |
22.3 |
58.1 |
Eastern |
7.9 |
5.4 |
4.4 |
3.5 |
6.0 |
14.7 |
Education |
Incomplete secondary |
6.0 |
5.4 |
8.8 |
7.2 |
4.2 |
5.0 |
Secondary |
18.2 |
17.6 |
20.9 |
21.9 |
14.1 |
15.8 |
Vocational secondary |
33.8 |
33.6 |
36.0 |
34.5 |
31.9 |
32.3 |
Incomplete higher |
5.5 |
5.0 |
4.6 |
9.1 |
5.8 |
4.5 |
Higher |
36.5 |
38.4 |
29.8 |
27.3 |
44.0 |
42.4 |
Locality type |
City |
56.7 |
57.8 |
48.1 |
49.1 |
63.2 |
63.2 |
Town |
9.2 |
8.2 |
7.9 |
8.1 |
9.8 |
11.6 |
Village |
34.1 |
34.0 |
44.0 |
42.8 |
27.1 |
25.2 |
Table7 (continued)
|
|
% among those who voted for the certain candidate |
|
|
DOBKIN Mykhailo Markovytch |
RABINOVYTCH Vadym Zinoviyovytch |
BOGOMOLETS Olga Vadymivna |
SYMONENKO Petro Mykolayovytch |
TYAGNYBOK Oleg Yaroslavovytch |
YAROSH Dmytro Anatoliyovytch |
Gender |
Man |
41.0 |
47.9 |
37.7 |
52.6 |
51.9 |
60.9 |
Woman |
59.0 |
52.1 |
62.3 |
47.4 |
48.1 |
39.1 |
Age |
18-29 y.o. |
20.1 |
14.5 |
19.1 |
8.9 |
13.2 |
38.7 |
30-39 y.o. |
14.2 |
23.8 |
21.6 |
5.9 |
26.9 |
22.5 |
40-49 y.o. |
16.5 |
16.6 |
22.6 |
14.7 |
20.3 |
17.4 |
50-59 y.o. |
21.6 |
27.2 |
19.6 |
15.9 |
19.2 |
16.0 |
60 y.o. and older |
27.6 |
18.0 |
17.0 |
54.6 |
20.4 |
5.4 |
Region of residence |
Western |
2.2 |
9.2 |
21.4 |
11.5 |
31.7 |
26.8 |
Central |
7.3 |
23.4 |
31.8 |
16.7 |
41.6 |
33.9 |
Southern |
28.6 |
54.2 |
37.3 |
48.7 |
21.1 |
28.3 |
Eastern |
61.9 |
13.2 |
9.5 |
23.1 |
5.5 |
11.0 |
Education |
Incomplete secondary |
8.2 |
3.4 |
3.3 |
8.2 |
6.3 |
4.1 |
Secondary |
22.4 |
17.3 |
16.6 |
25.3 |
18.9 |
11.1 |
Vocational secondary |
37.5 |
35.4 |
27.6 |
37.5 |
31.3 |
24.5 |
Incomplete higher |
6.5 |
6.4 |
10.4 |
3.0 |
5.8 |
8.5 |
Higher |
25.4 |
37.4 |
42.0 |
26.0 |
37.7 |
51.7 |
Locality type |
City |
55.3 |
68.8 |
66.0 |
53.0 |
60.1 |
74.4 |
Town |
19.5 |
7.5 |
8.1 |
14.0 |
7.0 |
5.8 |
Village |
25.3 |
23.8 |
25.9 |
33.0 |
32.9 |
19.8 |